Antenna-Rectifier Co-design
ʻO ke ʻano o nā rectennas e pili ana i ka topology EG ma ke Kiʻi 2 ʻo ia ka hoʻohālikelike pono ʻana o ka antenna i ka mea hoʻoponopono, ʻaʻole i ka maʻamau 50Ω, pono e hōʻemi a hoʻopau paha i ke kaapuni pili i ka mana o ka rectifier. Hōʻike kēia ʻāpana i nā pono o SoA rectennas me nā antenna non-50Ω a me nā rectennas me ka ʻole o nā pūnaewele pili.
1. Nā Antenna Li'ili'i Uila
Ua hoʻohana nui ʻia nā antennas LC resonant ring i nā noi kahi koʻikoʻi ka nui o ka ʻōnaehana. Ma nā alapine ma lalo o 1 GHz, hiki i ka lōʻihi hawewe ke hoʻonui i ka nui o nā antenna element maʻamau ma mua o ka nui holoʻokoʻa o ka ʻōnaehana, a ʻo nā noi e like me nā transceivers hoʻohui piha no nā implants kino e pōmaikaʻi loa mai ka hoʻohana ʻana i nā antenna liʻiliʻi uila no WPT.
Hiki ke hoʻohana ʻia ka impedance inductive kiʻekiʻe o ka antenna liʻiliʻi (kokoke i ka resonance) e hoʻopili pololei i ka rectifier a i ʻole me kahi pūnaewele hoʻohālikelike capacitive on-chip. Ua hōʻike ʻia nā antenna liʻiliʻi uila ma WPT me LP a me CP ma lalo o 1 GHz me ka hoʻohana ʻana i nā antenna dipole Huygens, me ka = 0.645, ʻoiai ka = 5.91 i nā dipoles maʻamau (ka = 2πr/λ0).
2. Rectifier conjugate antenna
ʻO ka impedance input maʻamau o kahi diode he capacitive nui, no laila pono kahi antenna inductive e hoʻokō i ka impedance conjugate. Ma muli o ka capacitive impedance o ka chip, ua hoʻohana nui ʻia nā antenna inductive impedance kiʻekiʻe i nā inoa RFID. Ua lilo nā antenna Dipole i mea maʻamau i nā antenna RFID impedance paʻakikī, e hōʻike ana i ka impedance kiʻekiʻe (kū'ē a me ka reactance) kokoke i kā lākou resonant frequency.
Ua hoʻohana ʻia nā antenna inductive dipole e hoʻohālikelike i ka capacitance kiʻekiʻe o ka rectifier i ka pā pinepine o ka hoihoi. I loko o kahi antenna dipole i hoʻopili ʻia, hana ka laina pōkole pālua (dipole folding) i mea hoʻololi impedance, e ʻae i ka hoʻolālā ʻana o kahi antenna impedance kiʻekiʻe loa. ʻO kahi ʻē aʻe, ʻo ka hānai bias ke kuleana no ka hoʻonui ʻana i ka reactance inductive a me ka impedance maoli. ʻO ka hoʻohui ʻana i nā mea dipole i hoʻohālikelike ʻia me nā stubs radial bow-tie i kaulike ʻole e hana i kahi antenna broadband kiʻekiʻe. Hōʻike ka Figure 4 i kekahi mau antenna conjugate rectifier i hōʻike ʻia.
Helu 4
ʻO nā hiʻohiʻona uila ma RFEH a me WPT
Ma ka Friis model, ka mana PRX i loaʻa e ka antenna ma kahi mamao d mai ka transmitter he hana pololei ia o ka loaʻa a me nā loaʻa transmitter (GRX, GTX).
ʻO ke kuhikuhina lobe nui o ka antenna a me ka polarization pili pono i ka nui o ka mana i hōʻiliʻili ʻia mai ka nalu hanana. ʻO nā hiʻohiʻona radiation antenna nā ʻāpana koʻikoʻi e ʻokoʻa ma waena o RFEH a me WPT (Figure 5). ʻOiai ma nā noi ʻelua ʻaʻole ʻike ʻia ka mea hoʻolaha a pono e noʻonoʻo ʻia kona hopena i ka nalu i loaʻa, hiki ke hoʻohana ʻia ka ʻike o ka antenna transmitting. Hōʻike ka Papa 3 i nā ʻāpana koʻikoʻi i kūkākūkā ʻia ma kēia ʻāpana a me ko lākou pili ʻana iā RFEH a me WPT.
Helu 5
1. Ke kuhikuhi a me ka loaʻa
Ma ka hapanui o nā noi RFEH a me WPT, manaʻo ʻia ʻaʻole ʻike ka ʻohi i ke kuhikuhi o ka radiation hanana a ʻaʻohe ala laina-o-sight (LoS). Ma kēia hana, ua noiʻi ʻia nā hoʻolālā antenna a me nā hoʻonohonoho e hoʻonui i ka mana i loaʻa mai kahi kumu ʻike ʻole, kūʻokoʻa i ka lobe lobe alignment ma waena o ka transmitter a me ka mea hoʻokipa.
Ua hoʻohana nui ʻia nā antenna Omnidirectional i nā rectenna RFEH kaiapuni. I ka palapala, ʻokoʻa ka PSD ma muli o ke ʻano o ka antenna. Eia naʻe, ʻaʻole i wehewehe ʻia ka hoʻololi ʻana o ka mana, no laila ʻaʻole hiki ke hoʻoholo inā ʻo ka hoʻololi ʻana ma muli o ke ʻano radiation o ka antenna a i ʻole ma muli o ka polarization mismatch.
Ma waho aʻe o nā noi RFEH, ua hōʻike nui ʻia nā antenna alakaʻi kiʻekiʻe a me nā arrays no ka microwave WPT e hoʻomaikaʻi i ka hōʻiliʻili ʻana o ka haʻahaʻa haʻahaʻa RF haʻahaʻa a i ʻole ka lanakila ʻana i nā poho hoʻolaha. ʻO Yagi-Uda rectenna arrays, bowtie arrays, spiral arrays, pili paʻa Vivaldi arrays, CPW CP arrays, a patch arrays kekahi o nā hoʻokō rectenna scalable e hiki ai ke hoʻonui i ka mana o ka hanana ma lalo o kekahi wahi. ʻO nā ala ʻē aʻe e hoʻomaikaʻi ai i ka loaʻa ʻana o ka antenna, ʻo ia ka substrate integrated waveguide (SIW) ʻenehana i loko o ka microwave a me ka millimeter wave bands, kikoʻī iā WPT. Eia nō naʻe, ʻike ʻia nā rectenna kiʻekiʻe e nā beamwidths haiki, e hana i ka hoʻokipa ʻana i nā nalu ma nā ʻaoʻao kūpono ʻole. ʻO ka noiʻi ʻana i ka helu o nā mea antenna a me nā awa i hoʻoholo ʻia ʻaʻole i kūpono ke kuhikuhi kiʻekiʻe me ka mana kiʻekiʻe o ka ʻohi ʻana i ka RFEH ambient me ka manaʻo ʻekolu-dimensional arbitrary incidence; ua hōʻoia ʻia kēia e nā ana kahua ma nā kaona kūlanakauhale. Hiki ke kaupalena ʻia nā papa hana kiʻekiʻe i nā noi WPT.
No ka hoʻololi ʻana i nā pono o nā antenna kiʻekiʻe loa i nā RFEH kūʻokoʻa, hoʻohana ʻia nā ʻāpana a i ʻole nā hoʻonā hoʻonohonoho no ka lanakila ʻana i ka pilikia kuhikuhi. Manaʻo ʻia kahi pūlima antenna pālua e ʻohi i ka ikehu mai nā RFEH Wi-Fi ambient ma nā ʻaoʻao ʻelua. Hoʻolālā pū ʻia nā antenna RFEH cellular ambient e like me nā pahu 3D a paʻi ʻia a pili ʻia paha i nā ʻaoʻao o waho e hōʻemi i ka ʻāpana ʻōnaehana a hiki i ka hōʻiliʻili multi-directional. Hōʻike ʻia nā hanana cubic rectenna i ke kiʻekiʻe o ka loaʻa ʻana o ka ikehu ma nā RFEH a puni.
ʻO ka hoʻomaikaʻi ʻana i ka hoʻolālā antenna e hoʻonui i ka beamwidth, me nā mea hoʻohui parasitic patch elements, i hoʻomaikaʻi ʻia i ka WPT ma 2.4 GHz, 4 × 1 arrays. Ua manaʻo pū ʻia kahi antenna mesh 6 GHz me nā ʻāpana beam he nui, e hōʻike ana i nā kaola he nui i kēlā me kēia awa. Ua noi ʻia nā antenna ʻohi ʻana i ka ikehu me nā ʻano hoʻohālike omnidirectional radiation no ka RFEH multi-directional a me multi-polarized. Ua noi ʻia nā mea hoʻoponopono nui me nā matrices beamforming a me nā ʻāpana antenna multi-port no ka hōʻiliʻili ʻana i ka ikehu kiʻekiʻe, multi-directional.
I ka hōʻuluʻulu ʻana, ʻoiai ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi o nā antenna kiʻekiʻe e hoʻomaikaʻi i ka mana i hōʻiliʻili ʻia mai nā haʻahaʻa RF haʻahaʻa, ʻaʻole kūpono paha nā mea hoʻokipa kiʻekiʻe i nā noi kahi i ʻike ʻole ʻia ai ke kuhikuhi o ka transmitter (e laʻa, ambient RFEH a i ʻole WPT ma o nā kahawai hoʻolaha ʻike ʻole). Ma kēia hana, ua hoʻoholo ʻia nā ʻano hoʻokokoke multi-beam no ka multi-directional high-gain WPT a me RFEH.
2. Antenna Polarization
Hōʻike ka polarization antenna i ka neʻe ʻana o ka vector kahua uila e pili ana i ke kuhikuhi hoʻolaha antenna. Hiki i nā polarization mismatches ke alakaʻi i ka hōʻemi ʻana i ka hoʻouna ʻana / ka loaʻa ʻana ma waena o nā antenna ʻoiai ke hoʻohālikelike ʻia nā kuhikuhi lobe nui. No ka laʻana, inā hoʻohana ʻia kahi antenna LP kūpaʻa no ka hoʻouna ʻana a hoʻohana ʻia kahi antenna LP ākea no ka hoʻokipa ʻana, ʻaʻohe mana e loaʻa. Ma kēia ʻāpana, ʻike ʻia nā ʻano i hōʻike ʻia no ka hoʻonui ʻana i ka pono hoʻokipa uila a me ka pale ʻana i nā poho polarization mismatch. Hāʻawi ʻia kahi hōʻuluʻulu o ka hoʻolālā rectenna i manaʻo ʻia e pili ana i ka polarization ma ke Kiʻi 6 a hāʻawi ʻia kahi laʻana SoA ma ka Papa 4.
Helu 6
I loko o nā kamaʻilio kelepona, ʻaʻole hiki ke hoʻokō ʻia ka laina polarization linear ma waena o nā kahua kahua a me nā kelepona paʻa, no laila ua hoʻolālā ʻia nā antenna base station e pālua-polarized a i ʻole multi-polarized e pale aku i ka polarization mismatch poho. Eia nō naʻe, ʻo ka hoʻololi ʻana o ka polarization o nā nalu LP ma muli o nā hopena multipath e noho mau i kahi pilikia i hoʻoholo ʻole ʻia. Ma muli o ka manaʻo o nā kahua kahua paʻa lima polarized, ua hoʻolālā ʻia nā antenna cellular RFEH e like me nā antenna LP.
Hoʻohana nui ʻia nā CP rectennas ma WPT no ka mea ua kū ʻole lākou i ka mismatch. Hiki i nā antenna CP ke loaʻa i ka radiation CP me ka ʻaoʻao hoʻololi like (lima hema a lima ʻākau paha CP) i hoʻohui ʻia i nā nalu LP āpau me ka ʻole o ka mana. I kēlā me kēia hihia, hoʻouna ka antenna CP a loaʻa i ka antenna LP me kahi poho 3 dB (50% mana poho). Hōʻike ʻia nā CP rectennas i kūpono no 900 MHz a me 2.4 GHz a me 5.8 GHz ʻoihana, ʻepekema, a me nā pūʻulu olakino a me nā nalu millimeter. I ka RFEH o nā nalu polarized arbitrarily, polarization diversity e hōʻike ana i kahi hopena kūpono i ka polarization mismatch poho.
ʻO ka polarization piha, i ʻike ʻia ʻo multi-polarization, ua manaʻo ʻia e lanakila loa i nā poho polarization mismatch, e hiki ai i ka hōʻiliʻili ʻana o nā nalu CP a me LP, kahi e loaʻa maikaʻi ai nā mea ʻelua ʻelua-polarized orthogonal LP āpau i nā nalu LP a me CP. No ka hōʻike ʻana i kēia, ʻo nā ʻupena kuʻekuʻe a me ka ʻāʻī (VV a me VH) e hoʻomau mau me ka nānā ʻole i ke kihi polarization:
CP electromagnetic wave "E" electric field, kahi e hōʻiliʻili ʻia ai ka mana i ʻelua manawa (hoʻokahi pākahi), a laila e loaʻa piha i ka ʻāpana CP a lanakila i ka 3 dB polarization mismatch poho:
ʻO ka hope, ma o ka hui pū ʻana o DC, hiki ke loaʻa nā nalu hanana o ka polarization arbitrary. Hōʻike ka Helu 7 i ka geometry o ka rectenna polarized piha i hōʻike ʻia.
Helu 7
I ka hōʻuluʻulu manaʻo, i nā noi WPT me nā lako mana hoʻolaʻa, ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi o CP no ka mea e hoʻomaikaʻi ana i ka pono WPT me ka nānā ʻole i ke kihi polarization o ka antenna. Ma ka ʻaoʻao ʻē aʻe, i ka loaʻa ʻana o nā kumu he nui, ʻoi aku hoʻi mai nā kumu ambient, hiki i nā antenna polarized piha ke hoʻokō i ka hoʻokipa holoʻokoʻa ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi a me ka portability kiʻekiʻe; koi ʻia nā ʻenehana multi-port/multi-rectifier e hoʻohui i ka mana polarized piha ma RF a i ʻole DC.
Hōʻuluʻulu manaʻo
Hōʻike kēia pepa i ka holomua hou o ka hoʻolālā antenna no RFEH a me WPT, a ke hāpai nei i kahi hoʻohālikelike maʻamau o ka hoʻolālā antenna no RFEH a me WPT ʻaʻole i manaʻo ʻia ma nā palapala mua. ʻEkolu mau koi antenna kumu no ka hoʻokō ʻana i ka pono RF-to-DC kiʻekiʻe i ʻike ʻia e like me:
1. Antenna rectifier impedance bandwidth no ka RFEH a me WPT mau pūʻulu hoihoi;
2. Ka hoʻolikelike lobe nui ma waena o ka transmitter a me ka mea hoʻokipa ma WPT mai kahi hānai hoʻolaʻa;
3. Ho'olikelike polarization ma waena o ka rectenna a me ka nalu hanana me ka nānā 'ole i ke kihi a me ke kūlana.
Ma muli o ka impedance, ua hoʻokaʻawale ʻia nā rectennas i 50Ω a me ka rectifier conjugate rectennas, me ka nānā ʻana i ka hoʻohālikelike impedance ma waena o nā ʻāpana like ʻole a me nā ukana a me ka pono o kēlā me kēia ʻano hoʻohālikelike.
Ua nānā ʻia nā hiʻohiʻona radiation o SoA rectennas mai ka hiʻohiʻona o ke kuhikuhi a me ka polarization. Kūkākūkā ʻia nā ʻano e hoʻomaikaʻi ai i ka loaʻa ʻana ma ka beamforming a me ka hoʻopili ʻana e lanakila ai i ka laulaʻa haiki. ʻO ka hope, nānā ʻia nā CP rectennas no WPT, me nā hoʻokō like ʻole e hoʻokō i ka hoʻokipa kūʻokoʻa polarization no WPT a me RFEH.
No ka ʻike hou aku e pili ana i nā antenna, e kipa:
Ka manawa hoʻouna: ʻAukake-16-2024
