Hoʻolālā like ʻana o ka Antenna-Rectifier
ʻO ke ʻano o nā rectennas e hahai ana i ka topology EG ma ke Kiʻi 2, ʻo ia ka hoʻohālikelike pololei ʻia o ka antenna i ka rectifier, ma mua o ke kūlana 50Ω, e koi ana i ka hoʻēmi ʻana a i ʻole ka hoʻopau ʻana i ke kaapuni hoʻohālikelike e hoʻoikaika i ka rectifier. Nānā kēia ʻāpana i nā pono o nā rectennas SoA me nā antennas ʻaʻole 50Ω a me nā rectennas me nā pūnaewele hoʻohālikelike ʻole.
1. Nā Antennas Liʻiliʻi Uila
Ua hoʻohana nui ʻia nā antenna apo resonant LC i nā noi kahi i koʻikoʻi ai ka nui o ka ʻōnaehana. Ma nā alapine ma lalo o 1 GHz, hiki i ka nalu ke hana i nā antenna element i hoʻolaha ʻia maʻamau e noho i kahi ākea ma mua o ka nui holoʻokoʻa o ka ʻōnaehana, a ʻo nā noi e like me nā transceivers i hoʻohui piha ʻia no nā implants kino e pōmaikaʻi nui ʻia mai ka hoʻohana ʻana i nā antenna liʻiliʻi uila no WPT.
Hiki ke hoʻohana ʻia ka impedance inductive kiʻekiʻe o ka antenna liʻiliʻi (kokoke i ka resonance) e hoʻopili pololei i ka rectifier a i ʻole me kahi pūnaewele hoʻohālikelike capacitive on-chip hou aʻe. Ua hōʻike ʻia nā antennas liʻiliʻi uila ma WPT me LP a me CP ma lalo o 1 GHz me ka hoʻohana ʻana i nā antennas dipole Huygens, me ka = 0.645, ʻoiai ʻo ka = 5.91 ma nā dipoles maʻamau (ka = 2πr / λ0).
2. Antenna hoʻohuihui rectifier
ʻO ke ʻano maʻamau o ka impedance input o kahi diode he capacitive kiʻekiʻe, no laila pono kahi antenna inductive e hoʻokō i ka impedance conjugate. Ma muli o ka impedance capacitive o ka chip, ua hoʻohana nui ʻia nā antenna inductive impedance kiʻekiʻe i nā tag RFID. Ua lilo nā antenna Dipole i mea maʻamau i nā antenna RFID impedance paʻakikī, e hōʻike ana i ka impedance kiʻekiʻe (resistance a me reactance) kokoke i ko lākou alapine resonant.
Ua hoʻohana ʻia nā antenna dipole inductive e hoʻohālikelike i ka capacitance kiʻekiʻe o ka rectifier i loko o ke alapine (frequency band) o ka hoihoi. I loko o kahi antenna dipole i pelu ʻia, hana ka laina pōkole pālua (dipole folding) ma ke ʻano he mea hoʻololi impedance, e ʻae ana i ka hoʻolālā ʻana o kahi antenna impedance kiʻekiʻe loa. Ma kekahi ʻaoʻao, ʻo ka hānai bias ke kuleana no ka hoʻonui ʻana i ka reactance inductive a me ka impedance maoli. ʻO ka hoʻohui ʻana i nā mea dipole biased he nui me nā stubs radial bow-tie unbalanced e hana i kahi antenna impedance kiʻekiʻe broadband pālua. Hōʻike ka Kiʻi 4 i kekahi mau antennas conjugate rectifier i hōʻike ʻia.
Kiʻi 4
Nā ʻano radiation ma RFEH a me WPT
Ma ke kumu hoʻohālike Friis, ʻo ka mana PRX i loaʻa e kahi antenna ma kahi mamao d mai ka transmitter he hana pololei ia o ka mea loaʻa a me nā loaʻa transmitter (GRX, GTX).
Hoʻopilikia pololei ka lobe nui o ka antenna a me ka polarization i ka nui o ka mana i hōʻiliʻili ʻia mai ka nalu hanana. ʻO nā ʻano radiation antenna nā palena koʻikoʻi e hoʻokaʻawale ai ma waena o ka RFEH ambient a me WPT (Kiʻi 5). ʻOiai ma nā noi ʻelua ʻaʻole paha i ʻike ʻia ka medium propagation a pono e noʻonoʻo ʻia kona hopena ma ka nalu i loaʻa, hiki ke hoʻohana ʻia ka ʻike o ka antenna hoʻouna. Kuhikuhi ka Papa 3 i nā palena koʻikoʻi i kūkākūkā ʻia ma kēia ʻāpana a me ko lākou pili ʻana iā RFEH a me WPT.
Kiʻi 5
1. Ke kuhikuhi a me ka loaʻa
Ma ka hapa nui o nā noi RFEH a me WPT, ua manaʻo ʻia ʻaʻole ʻike ka mea hōʻiliʻili i ke kuhikuhi o ka radiation incident a ʻaʻohe ala line-of-sight (LoS). Ma kēia hana, ua noiʻi ʻia nā hoʻolālā antenna he nui a me nā hoʻonohonoho ʻana e hoʻonui i ka mana i loaʻa mai kahi kumu i ʻike ʻole ʻia, kūʻokoʻa i ka hoʻonohonoho lobe nui ma waena o ka transmitter a me ka mea loaʻa.
Ua hoʻohana nui ʻia nā antennas Omnidirectional i nā rectennas RFEH kaiapuni. Ma nā palapala, ʻokoʻa ka PSD ma muli o ke kuhikuhi ʻana o ka antenna. Eia nō naʻe, ʻaʻole i wehewehe ʻia ka ʻokoʻa o ka mana, no laila ʻaʻole hiki ke hoʻoholo inā ma muli o ke ʻano radiation o ka antenna a i ʻole ma muli o ka polarization mismatch ka ʻokoʻa.
Ma waho aʻe o nā noi RFEH, ua hōʻike nui ʻia nā antennas kuhikuhi kiʻekiʻe a me nā arrays no ka microwave WPT e hoʻomaikaʻi i ka pono o ka hōʻiliʻili ʻana o ka mana RF haʻahaʻa a i ʻole e lanakila i nā pohō hoʻolaha. ʻO nā arrays rectenna Yagi-Uda, nā arrays bowtie, nā arrays spiral, nā arrays Vivaldi i hoʻopili paʻa ʻia, nā arrays CPW CP, a me nā arrays patch kekahi o nā hoʻokō rectenna scalable e hiki ke hoʻonui i ka mana hanana ma lalo o kekahi wahi. ʻO nā ala ʻē aʻe e hoʻomaikaʻi ai i ka loaʻa antenna e komo pū me ka ʻenehana substrate integrated waveguide (SIW) i loko o nā microwave a me nā millimeter wave bands, kūikawā iā WPT. Eia nō naʻe, ua hōʻike ʻia nā rectennas kiʻekiʻe e nā beamwidths haiki, e hana ana i ka loaʻa ʻana o nā nalu i nā kuhikuhi kūpono ʻole. Ua hoʻoholo nā noiʻi ʻana i ka helu o nā mea antenna a me nā awa ʻaʻole kūlike ka directivity kiʻekiʻe me ka mana i hōʻiliʻili ʻia ma ka RFEH ambient me ka manaʻo ʻekolu-dimensional arbitrary incidence; ua hōʻoia ʻia kēia e nā ana kahua ma nā wahi kūlanakauhale. Hiki ke kaupalena ʻia nā arrays kiʻekiʻe i nā noi WPT.
No ka hoʻoili ʻana i nā pono o nā antennas loaʻa kiʻekiʻe i nā RFEHs kūpono ʻole, hoʻohana ʻia nā hoʻonā hoʻopili a hoʻolālā paha e lanakila ai i ka pilikia directivity. Ua manaʻo ʻia kahi wristband antenna pālua-patch e hōʻiliʻili i ka ikehu mai nā Wi-Fi RFEHs ambient ma nā ʻaoʻao ʻelua. Hoʻolālā ʻia hoʻi nā antennas RFEH kelepona ambient e like me nā pahu 3D a paʻi ʻia a hoʻopili ʻia paha i nā ʻili o waho e hōʻemi i ka ʻāpana ʻōnaehana a hiki i ka hōʻiliʻili multi-directional. Hōʻike nā ʻano rectenna cubic i ka hiki ke kiʻekiʻe o ka loaʻa ʻana o ka ikehu ma nā RFEHs ambient.
Ua hana ʻia nā hoʻomaikaʻi ʻana i ka hoʻolālā antenna e hoʻonui i ka beamwidth, me nā mea hoʻopili parasitic kōkua, e hoʻomaikaʻi i ka WPT ma 2.4 GHz, 4 × 1 arrays. Ua hāpai ʻia kekahi antenna mesh 6 GHz me nā ʻāpana beam he nui, e hōʻike ana i nā beam he nui no kēlā me kēia awa. Ua hāpai ʻia nā antennas ʻili multi-port, multi-rectifier a me nā antennas hōʻiliʻili ikehu me nā ʻano radiation omnidirectional no RFEH multi-directional a me multi-polarized. Ua hāpai ʻia hoʻi nā multi-rectifiers me nā matrices beamforming a me nā antenna arrays multi-port no ka hōʻiliʻili ikehu kiʻekiʻe-loaʻa, multi-directional.
I ka hōʻuluʻulu manaʻo, ʻoiai makemake ʻia nā antennas loaʻa kiʻekiʻe e hoʻomaikaʻi i ka mana i hōʻiliʻili ʻia mai nā densities RF haʻahaʻa, ʻaʻole paha kūpono nā mea loaʻa kuhikuhi kiʻekiʻe i nā noi kahi i ʻike ʻole ʻia ai ke kuhikuhi o ka transmitter (e laʻa, RFEH ambient a i ʻole WPT ma o nā kahawai hoʻolaha ʻike ʻole ʻia). Ma kēia hana, ua manaʻo ʻia nā ʻano hana multi-beam he nui no ka WPT loaʻa kiʻekiʻe multi-directional a me RFEH.
2. Ka Polarization Antenna
Hōʻike ka polarization antenna i ka neʻe ʻana o ka vector kahua uila e pili ana i ke kuhikuhi hoʻolaha antenna. Hiki i nā mismatches polarization ke alakaʻi i ka emi ʻana o ka hoʻoili/hoʻokipa ma waena o nā antennas ʻoiai ke kūlike nā kuhikuhi lobe nui. No ka laʻana, inā hoʻohana ʻia kahi antenna LP kū pololei no ka hoʻoili ʻana a hoʻohana ʻia kahi antenna LP ākea no ka hoʻokipa ʻana, ʻaʻohe mana e loaʻa. Ma kēia ʻāpana, ua nānā ʻia nā ʻano hana i hōʻike ʻia no ka hoʻonui ʻana i ka pono o ka hoʻokipa uea ʻole a me ka pale ʻana i nā pohō mismatch polarization. Hāʻawi ʻia kahi hōʻuluʻulu manaʻo o ka hoʻolālā rectenna i manaʻo ʻia e pili ana i ka polarization ma ke Kiʻi 6 a hāʻawi ʻia kahi laʻana SoA ma ka Papa 4.
Kiʻi 6
I nā kamaʻilio kelepona, ʻaʻole paha e hoʻokō ʻia ka hoʻonohonoho polarization linear ma waena o nā kikowaena kumu a me nā kelepona paʻalima, no laila ua hoʻolālā ʻia nā antennas kikowaena kumu e dual-polarized a multi-polarized paha e pale aku i nā pohō mismatch polarization. Eia nō naʻe, ʻo ka loli polarization o nā nalu LP ma muli o nā hopena multipath e mau ana ka pilikia i hoʻoholo ʻole ʻia. Ma muli o ke kuhi ʻana o nā kikowaena kumu kelepona multi-polarized, ua hoʻolālā ʻia nā antennas RFEH kelepona ma ke ʻano he antennas LP.
Hoʻohana nui ʻia nā rectennas CP ma WPT no ka mea he kūpaʻa iki lākou i ka mismatch. Hiki i nā antennas CP ke loaʻa i ka radiation CP me ke kuhikuhi hoʻohuli like (hema a ʻākau paha CP) me ka hoʻohui ʻana i nā nalu LP āpau me ka ʻole o ka nalowale o ka mana. I kēlā me kēia hihia, hoʻouna ka antenna CP a loaʻa ka antenna LP me ka nalowale 3 dB (50% pohō mana). Ua hōʻike ʻia nā rectennas CP he kūpono no nā hui ʻoihana, ʻepekema, a me nā lāʻau lapaʻau 900 MHz a me 2.4 GHz a me 5.8 GHz a me nā nalu millimeter. Ma RFEH o nā nalu polarized arbitrarily, hōʻike ka polarization diversity i kahi hopena kūpono i nā pohō mismatch polarization.
Ua hāpai ʻia ka polarization piha, i ʻike ʻia hoʻi he multi-polarization, e lanakila loa i nā pohō mismatch polarization, e hiki ai ke hōʻiliʻili i nā nalu CP a me LP, kahi e loaʻa ai i nā mea LP orthogonal dual-polarized ʻelua mau nalu LP a me CP āpau. No ka hoʻākāka ʻana i kēia, e mau ana nā voltages net vertical a me horizontal (VV a me VH) me ka nānā ʻole i ke kihi polarization:
ʻO ke kahua uila "E" nalu electromagnetic CP, kahi e hōʻiliʻili ʻia ai ka mana i ʻelua manawa (hoʻokahi manawa no kēlā me kēia ʻāpana), no laila e loaʻa piha ana ka ʻāpana CP a lanakila i ka pohō mismatch 3 dB polarization:
ʻO ka mea hope loa, ma o ka hui pū ʻana o DC, hiki ke loaʻa nā nalu hanana o ka polarization kūpono ʻole. Hōʻike ka Kiʻi 7 i ke ʻano o ka rectenna polarized piha i hōʻike ʻia.
Kiʻi 7
I ka hōʻuluʻulu manaʻo, ma nā noi WPT me nā lako mana i hoʻolaʻa ʻia, makemake ʻia ʻo CP no ka mea e hoʻomaikaʻi ana i ka pono o WPT me ka nānā ʻole i ke kihi polarization o ka antenna. Ma ka ʻaoʻao ʻē aʻe, i ka loaʻa ʻana o nā kumu he nui, ʻoi aku hoʻi mai nā kumu ambient, hiki i nā antenna polarized piha ke hoʻokō i ka hoʻokipa holoʻokoʻa maikaʻi a me ka portability kiʻekiʻe loa; pono nā hoʻolālā multi-port/multi-rectifier e hoʻohui i ka mana polarized piha ma RF a i ʻole DC.
Hōʻuluʻulu manaʻo
Hōʻike kēia pepa i ka holomua hou i ka hoʻolālā antenna no RFEH a me WPT, a hāpai i kahi hoʻokaʻawale maʻamau o ka hoʻolālā antenna no RFEH a me WPT i hāpai ʻole ʻia ma nā palapala mua. Ua ʻike ʻia ʻekolu mau koi antenna kumu no ka hoʻokō ʻana i ka pono RF-a-DC kiʻekiʻe e like me:
1. Ka bandwidth impedance rectifier antenna no nā hui hoihoi o RFEH a me WPT;
2. Ka hoʻonohonoho ʻana o ka lobe nui ma waena o ka mea hoʻouna a me ka mea loaʻa ma WPT mai kahi hānai i hoʻolaʻa ʻia;
3. Ka hoʻohālikelike ʻana o ka polarization ma waena o ka rectenna a me ka nalu i komo mai me ka nānā ʻole i ke kihi a me ke kūlana.
Ma muli o ka impedance, ua hoʻokaʻawale ʻia nā rectennas i 50Ω a me nā rectennas conjugate rectifier, me ka nānā ʻana i ka impedance matching ma waena o nā hui like ʻole a me nā ukana a me ka pono o kēlā me kēia ʻano hoʻohālikelike.
Ua loiloi ʻia nā ʻano radiation o nā rectennas SoA mai ka manaʻo o ka directivity a me ka polarization. Ua kūkākūkā ʻia nā ʻano hana e hoʻomaikaʻi ai i ka loaʻa ma o ka beamforming a me ka packaging e lanakila ai i ka beamwidth haiki. ʻO ka mea hope loa, ua loiloi ʻia nā CP rectennas no WPT, me nā hoʻokō like ʻole e hoʻokō ai i ka hoʻokipa polarization-independent no WPT a me RFEH.
No ka ʻike hou aku e pili ana i nā antennas, e kipa i ka pūnaewele:
Ka manawa hoʻouna: Aug-16-2024
