Nūhou - He loiloi o nā antenna laina hoʻouna e pili ana i nā metamaterial (Mahele 2)

2. Ke noi o MTM-TL i nā Antenna Systems
E kālele ana kēia ʻāpana i nā TL metamaterial artificial a me kekahi o kā lākou mau noi maʻamau a pili pono no ka ʻike ʻana i nā ʻano hana antenna me ka haʻahaʻa haʻahaʻa, hana maʻalahi, miniaturization, bandwidth ākea, loaʻa kiʻekiʻe a me ka maikaʻi, ākea ākea ākea a me ka haʻahaʻa haʻahaʻa. Kūkākūkā ʻia lākou ma lalo nei.

1. Nā antenna broadband a me ka nui-frequency
Ma kahi TL maʻamau me ka lōʻihi o l, ke hāʻawi ʻia ke alapine angular ω0, hiki ke helu ʻia ka lōʻihi uila (a i ʻole ka pae) o ka laina hoʻouna penei:

Wahi a vp e hōʻike ana i ka wikiwiki o ka laina hoʻouna. E like me ka mea i ʻike ʻia ma luna, pili ka bandwidth i ka lohi o ka hui, ʻo ia ka derivative o φ e pili ana i ke alapine. No laila, ʻoi aku ka pōkole o ka lōʻihi o ka laina hoʻouna, ʻoi aku ka nui o ka bandwidth. I nā huaʻōlelo ʻē aʻe, aia kahi pilina inverse ma waena o ka bandwidth a me ka pae kumu o ka laina hoʻouna, ʻo ia ka hoʻolālā kikoʻī. Hōʻike kēia i nā kaʻa kaʻahele kuʻuna, ʻaʻole maʻalahi ka hoʻokele ʻana i ka bandwidth hana. Hiki ke hoʻopili ʻia kēia i nā palena o nā laina hoʻouna kuʻuna e pili ana i nā degere o ke kūʻokoʻa. Eia nō naʻe, ʻae ka hoʻouka ʻana i nā mea hoʻohālikelike e hoʻohana ʻia i nā TL metamaterial, a hiki ke hoʻomalu ʻia ka pane o ka pae i kekahi ʻano. I mea e hoʻonui ai i ka bandwidth, pono e loaʻa kahi slope like kokoke i ke alapine hana o nā hiʻohiʻona dispersion. Hiki i ka artificial metamaterial TL ke hoʻokō i kēia pahuhopu. Ma muli o kēia ala, nui nā ala no ka hoʻonui ʻana i ka bandwidth o nā antenna i manaʻo ʻia ma ka pepa. Ua hoʻolālā a hana ka poʻe ʻepekema i ʻelua antenna broadband i hoʻopiha ʻia me nā resonator ring split (e nānā i ke Kiʻi 7). Hōʻike nā hopena i hōʻike ʻia ma ka Figure 7 ma hope o ka hoʻouka ʻana i ka resonator apo māhele me ka antenna monopole maʻamau, ua hauʻoli ke ʻano alapine resonant haʻahaʻa. Hoʻonui ʻia ka nui o ka resonator hoʻokaʻawale e hoʻokō i kahi resonance kokoke i ka antenna monopole. Hōʻike nā hopena i ka wā e hui pū ai nā resonances ʻelua, hoʻonui ʻia ka bandwidth a me nā hiʻohiʻona radiation o ka antenna. ʻO ka lōʻihi a me ka laula o ka antenna monopole he 0.25λ0 × 0.11λ0 a me 0.25λ0 × 0.21λ0 (4GHz), kēlā me kēia, a ʻo ka lōʻihi a me ka laula o ka antenna monopole i hoʻouka ʻia me ka resonator apo hoʻokaʻawale ʻo 0.29λ0 × 0.21λ0 (29λ0 × 0.21λ0 (29λ0) ), kēlā me kēia. No ka antenna F-like maʻamau a me T-like antenna me ka ʻole o ka resonator apo, ʻo ka loaʻa kiʻekiʻe loa a me ka hana radiation i ana ʻia ma ka band 5GHz ʻo 3.6dBi - 78.5% a me 3.9dBi - 80.2%, kēlā me kēia. No ka antenna i hoʻouka ʻia me ka resonator apo māhele, ʻo kēia mau ʻāpana he 4dBi - 81.2% a me 4.4dBi - 83%, i ka hui 6GHz. Ma ka hoʻokō ʻana i kahi resonator apo ʻāpana e like me ka ukana pili ma ka antenna monopole, hiki ke kākoʻo ʻia nā pūʻulu 2.9GHz ~ 6.41GHz a me 2.6GHz ~ 6.6GHz, e pili ana i nā bandwidth fractional o 75.4% a me ~87%, kēlā me kēia. Hōʻike kēia mau hopena i ka hoʻomaikaʻi ʻana o ka bandwidth ana ma kahi o 2.4 mau manawa a me 2.11 mau manawa i hoʻohālikelike ʻia me nā antenna monopole kuʻuna o ka nui paʻa.

Kiʻi 7. ʻElua antenna broadband i hoʻopiha ʻia me nā resonator apo-maha.

E like me ka hōʻike ʻana ma ke Kiʻi 8, hōʻike ʻia nā hopena hoʻokolohua o ka antenna monopole paʻi paʻi. Ke S11≤- 10 dB, ʻo 185% ka bandwidth hana (0.115-2.90 GHz), a ma 1.45 GHz, ʻo 2.35 dBi a me 78.8% ka hopena kiʻekiʻe. ʻO ka hoʻonohonoho ʻana o ka antenna ua like ia me kahi ʻano pepa triangular back-to-back, i hānai ʻia e ka curvilinear power divider. Aia i loko o ka GND i kālai ʻia kahi ʻōpala kikowaena i waiho ʻia ma lalo o ka mea hānai, a ua māhele ʻia nā apo resonant ʻehā a puni ia, kahi e hoʻonui ai i ka bandwidth o ka antenna. ʻO ka antenna e hoʻomālamalama kokoke i nā kuhikuhi āpau, e uhi ana i ka hapa nui o nā pūʻulu VHF a me S, a me nā pūʻali UHF a me L. ʻO ka nui kino o ka antenna he 48.32 × 43.72 × 0.8 mm3, a ʻo ka nui uila ʻo 0.235λ0 × 0.211λ0 × 0.003λ0. Loaʻa iā ia nā pōmaikaʻi o ka liʻiliʻi liʻiliʻi a me ke kumu kūʻai haʻahaʻa, a loaʻa iā ia nā hiʻohiʻona noi i nā ʻōnaehana kamaʻilio uea ʻole broadband.

Kiʻi 8: Monopole antenna i hoʻopiha ʻia me ka resonator apo.

Hōʻike ke Kiʻi 9 i kahi hoʻolālā antenna planar i loaʻa i ʻelua mau lua o nā puka lou i hoʻopili ʻia i hoʻopaʻa ʻia i kahi mokulele honua T-like ʻoki ʻia ma o nā ala ʻelua. ʻO 38.5 × 36.6 mm2 ka nui antenna (0.070λ0 × 0.067λ0), kahi ʻo λ0 ka lōʻihi hawewe ākea o 0.55 GHz. Ka antenna radiates omnidirectionally i ka E-plane i ka hana alapine bando o 0.55 ~ 3.85 GHz, me ka nui loa o 5.5dBi ma 2.35GHz a me ka pono o 90.1%. ʻO kēia mau hiʻohiʻona e kūpono i ka antenna i manaʻo ʻia no nā noi like ʻole, me UHF RFID, GSM 900, GPS, KPCS, DCS, IMT-2000, WiMAX, WiFi a me Bluetooth.

Fig. 9 Manaʻo ʻia ka hoʻolālā antenna planar.

2. Antenna Wave Leaky (LWA)
ʻO ka antenna hawewe leaky hou kekahi o nā noi nui no ka hoʻomaopopo ʻana i ka TL metamaterial artificial. No nā antenna hawewe leaky, ʻo ka hopena o ka pae mau β ma ke kihi radiation (θm) a me ka laulā kaola kiʻekiʻe (Δθ) penei:

ʻO L ka lōʻihi o ka antenna, ʻo k0 ka helu hawewe ma kahi ākea, a ʻo λ0 ka lōʻihi hawewe ma kahi ākea. E hoʻomaopopo i ka hiki ʻana o ka pāhawewe i ka wā |β|

3. Zero-kauoha resonator antenna
ʻO kahi waiwai kūʻokoʻa o ka CRLH metamaterial ʻo ia ka β hiki ke 0 ke like ʻole ke alapine me ka ʻole. Ma muli o kēia waiwai, hiki ke hana i kahi resonator zero-order hou (ZOR). Inā ʻaʻohe β, ʻaʻohe hoʻololi pae i loko o ka resonator holoʻokoʻa. ʻO kēia ke kumu no ka hoʻololi mau ʻana o ka pae φ = - βd = 0. Eia kekahi, pili ka resonance i ka haʻawe reactive a kūʻokoʻa i ka lōʻihi o ka hale. Hōʻike ke kiʻi 10 ua hana ʻia ka antenna i manaʻo ʻia e ka hoʻohana ʻana i ʻelua a ʻekolu mau ʻāpana me ke ʻano E, a ʻo ka nui o ka nui he 0.017λ0 × 0.006λ0 × 0.001λ0 a me 0.028λ0 × 0.008λ0 × 0.001λ0, kahi e hōʻike ai ka hawewe 0.001λ0. o ka hakahaka o ka hana nā alapine o 500 MHz a me 650 MHz, kēlā me kēia. Hoʻohana ka antenna i nā alapine o 0.5-1.35 GHz (0.85 GHz) a me 0.65-1.85 GHz (1.2 GHz), me nā bandwidth pili o 91.9% a me 96.0%. Ma waho aʻe o nā hiʻohiʻona o ka liʻiliʻi liʻiliʻi a me ka bandwidth ākea, ʻo ka loaʻa a me ka pono o nā antenna mua a me ka lua he 5.3dBi a me 85% (1GHz) a me 5.7dBi a me 90% (1.4GHz), kēlā me kēia.

Fig. 10 Manaʻo ʻia nā ʻano antenna pālua-E a me triple-E.

4. Slot Antenna
Ua manaʻo ʻia kahi ala maʻalahi e hoʻonui i ka aperture o ka antenna CRLH-MTM, akā ʻaʻole i loli ka nui o kāna antenna. E like me ka mea i hōʻike ʻia ma ke Kiʻi 11, aia ka antenna i nā ʻāpana CRLH i hoʻopaʻa ʻia ma luna o kekahi i kekahi, aia nā ʻāpana a me nā laina meander, a aia kahi slot S-like ma ka pā. Hānai ʻia ka antenna e kahi stub pili CPW, a ʻo kona nui ʻo 17.5 mm × 32.15 mm × 1.6 mm, e pili ana me 0.204λ0 × 0.375λ0 × 0.018λ0, kahi e hōʻike ai ʻo λ0 (3.5GHz) i ka nalu o ka hakahaka. Hōʻike nā hopena i ka hana ʻana o ka antenna i ke alapine o 0.85-7.90GHz, a ʻo kāna bandwidth hana ʻo 161.14%. ʻO ka loaʻa ʻana o ka radiation kiʻekiʻe a me ka pono o ka antenna e ʻike ʻia ma 3.5GHz, ʻo ia ka 5.12dBi a me ~ 80%, kēlā me kēia.