Me ka piʻi nui ʻana o nā mea uila, ua komo nā lawelawe ʻikepili i kahi manawa hou o ka hoʻomohala wikiwiki, ʻike ʻia hoʻi ka ulu pahū o nā lawelawe ʻikepili. I kēia manawa, ke neʻe mālie nei ka nui o nā noi mai nā kamepiula i nā mea uila e like me nā kelepona maʻalahi e lawe a hana i ka manawa maoli, akā ua alakaʻi kēia kūlana i ka piʻi wikiwiki ʻana o ka ʻikepili a me ka nele o nā kumuwaiwai bandwidth. . Wahi a nā helu helu, hiki i ka helu ʻikepili ma ka mākeke ke hiki i Gbps a i ʻole Tbps i nā makahiki 10 a 15 e hiki mai ana. I kēia manawa, ua hōʻea ke kamaʻilio THz i kahi helu data Gbps, ʻoiai ʻo ka helu data Tbps aia nō i ka wā mua o ka hoʻomohala ʻana. Hoʻopaʻa ʻia kahi pepa e pili ana i ka holomua hou loa i nā helu data Gbps e pili ana i ka band THz a wānana e hiki ke loaʻa iā Tbps ma o ka polarization multiplexing. No laila, no ka hoʻonui ʻana i ka nui o ka hoʻouna ʻana i ka ʻikepili, hiki i kahi hopena kūpono ke hoʻomohala i kahi hui alapine hou, ʻo ia ka terahertz band, aia ma ka "wahi hakahaka" ma waena o nā microwaves a me nā kukui infrared. Ma ka ITU World Radiocommunication Conference (WRC-19) ma 2019, ua hoʻohana ʻia ka laina alapine o 275-450GHz no nā lawelawe kelepona paʻa a ʻāina. Hiki ke ʻike ʻia ua hoʻohuli ʻia nā ʻōnaehana kamaʻilio uila terahertz i ka manaʻo o nā mea noiʻi he nui.
ʻO nā hawewe electromagnetic Terahertz ka mea maʻamau i wehewehe ʻia e like me ke alapine o 0.1-10THz (1THz=1012Hz) me kahi hawewe o 0.03-3 mm. Wahi a ke kūlana IEEE, ua wehewehe ʻia nā hawewe terahertz he 0.3-10THz. Hōʻike ka Kiʻi 1 ʻo ka pahu alapine terahertz ma waena o nā microwave a me ke kukui infrared.
Fig.
Hoʻomohala ʻana i nā Antenna Terahertz
ʻOiai ua hoʻomaka ka noiʻi terahertz i ke kenekulia 19, ʻaʻole ia i aʻo ʻia ma ke ʻano he kahua kūʻokoʻa i kēlā manawa. ʻO ka noiʻi ʻana e pili ana i ka radiation terahertz i kālele nui ʻia i ka band far-infrared. ʻAʻole a hiki i ka waena o ke kenekulia 20 i hoʻomaka ai nā mea noiʻi e holomua i ka noiʻi hawewe millimeter i ka hui terahertz a hana i ka noiʻi ʻenehana terahertz kūikawā.
I ka makahiki 1980, i ka puka ʻana o nā kumu hoʻoheheʻe terahertz i hiki ke hoʻohana i nā hawewe terahertz i nā ʻōnaehana kūpono. Mai ke kenekulia 21, ua ulu wikiwiki ka ʻenehana kamaʻilio uila, a ʻo ke koi ʻana o ka poʻe i ka ʻike a me ka piʻi ʻana o nā lako kamaʻilio ua kau i mua i nā koi koʻikoʻi e pili ana i ka wikiwiki o ka hoʻouna ʻana i ka ʻikepili kamaʻilio. No laila, ʻo kekahi o nā paʻakikī o ka ʻenehana kamaʻilio e hiki mai ana ka hana ma kahi kiʻekiʻe o ka ʻikepili helu o gigabits i kēlā me kēia kekona ma kahi wahi. Ma lalo o ka hoʻomohala hoʻokele waiwai o kēia manawa, ua emi nā kumuwaiwai spectrum. Eia naʻe, pau ʻole nā koi kanaka no ka hiki ke kamaʻilio a me ka wikiwiki. No ka pilikia o ka hoʻopaʻa ʻana o ka spectrum, nui nā hui e hoʻohana i ka ʻenehana multi-input multiple-output (MIMO) e hoʻomaikaʻi i ka pono spectrum a me ka hiki ʻana o ka ʻōnaehana ma o ka spatial multiplexing. Me ka holomua o nā pūnaewele 5G, ʻoi aku ka wikiwiki o ka pilina o kēlā me kēia mea hoʻohana ma mua o Gbps, a e piʻi nui hoʻi ka hele ʻana o ka ʻikepili o nā kahua kahua. No nā ʻōnaehana kamaʻilio nalu millimeter kuʻuna, ʻaʻole hiki i nā loulou microwave ke mālama i kēia mau kahawai ʻikepili nui. Eia kekahi, ma muli o ka mana o ka laina o ka ʻike, pōkole ka mamao o ka hoʻouna ʻana o ke kamaʻilio infrared a paʻa ka wahi o kāna mau mea kamaʻilio. No laila, hiki ke hoʻohana ʻia nā nalu THz, aia ma waena o nā microwaves a me ka infrared, e kūkulu i nā ʻōnaehana kamaʻilio wikiwiki a hoʻonui i ka nui o ka lawe ʻana i ka ʻikepili ma o ka hoʻohana ʻana i nā loulou THz.
Hiki i nā hawewe Terahertz ke hāʻawi i ka bandwidth kamaʻilio ākea, a ʻo kona alapine ma kahi o 1000 mau manawa ma mua o nā kamaʻilio kelepona. No laila, ʻo ka hoʻohana ʻana iā THz no ke kūkulu ʻana i nā ʻōnaehana kamaʻilio uʻi kiʻekiʻe-kiʻekiʻe he hopena maikaʻi loa ia i ka luʻi o nā helu ʻikepili kiʻekiʻe, kahi i huki ai i ka hoihoi o nā hui noiʻi a me nā ʻoihana. I Kepakemapa 2017, ua hoʻokuʻu ʻia ka maʻamau kamaʻilio kelepona ʻole THz mua ʻo IEEE 802.15.3d-2017, e wehewehe ana i ka hoʻololi ʻana o ka ʻike kikoʻī i ka helu THz haʻahaʻa o 252-325 GHz. Hiki i ka papa kino ʻokoʻa (PHY) o ka loulou ke hoʻokō i nā helu ʻikepili a hiki i 100 Gbps ma nā bandwidth like ʻole.
Ua hoʻokumu ʻia ka ʻōnaehana kamaʻilio THz mua loa o 0.12 THz i ka makahiki 2004, a ua hoʻokō ʻia ka ʻōnaehana kamaʻilio THz o 0.3 THz ma 2013. Hōʻike ka papa 1 i ka holomua noiʻi o nā ʻōnaehana kamaʻilio terahertz ma Iapana mai 2004 a 2013.
Papa 1 Ka holomua noiʻi o nā ʻōnaehana kamaʻilio terahertz ma Iapana mai 2004 a i 2013
ʻO ke ʻano antenna o kahi ʻōnaehana kamaʻilio i kūkulu ʻia ma 2004 ua wehewehe kikoʻī ʻia e Nippon Telegraph and Telephone Corporation (NTT) ma 2005. Ua hoʻokomo ʻia ka hoʻonohonoho antenna i ʻelua mau hihia, e like me ka hōʻike ʻana ma ke Kiʻi 2.
Kiʻi 2 Hōʻike kiʻi kiʻi o ka NTT 120 GHz ʻōnaehana kamaʻilio uea ʻole o Iapana
Hoʻohui ka ʻōnaehana i ka hoʻololi photoelectric a me ka antenna a hoʻohana i ʻelua mau ʻano hana:
1. Ma kahi kokoke i loko o ka hale, ʻo ka mea hoʻouna antenna planar i hoʻohana ʻia i loko o ka hale he pahu kiʻi kiʻi kiʻi kiʻi kiʻi kiʻi hoʻokahi (UTC-PD), kahi antena slot planar a me kahi lens silicon, e like me ka hōʻike ʻana ma ke Kiʻi 2(a).
2. Ma kahi kaiapuni waho lōʻihi, i mea e hoʻomaikaʻi ai i ka mana o ka nui o ka hoʻouna ʻana a me ka haʻahaʻa haʻahaʻa o ka mea ʻike, pono e loaʻa i ka antena transmitter ka waiwai kiʻekiʻe. Hoʻohana ka antenna terahertz i kēia manawa i kahi lens optical Gaussian me ka loaʻa ʻana o 50 dBi. Hōʻike ʻia ka hui pū ʻana o ka pū hānai a me nā lens dielectric ma ke Kiʻi 2(b).
Ma waho aʻe o ka hoʻomohala ʻana i kahi ʻōnaehana kamaʻilio 0.12 THz, ua hoʻomohala ʻo NTT i kahi ʻōnaehana kamaʻilio 0.3THz ma 2012. Ma o ka hoʻomau mau ʻana, hiki ke kiʻekiʻe ka nui o ka hoʻouna ʻana e like me 100Gbps. E like me ka ʻike ʻia mai ka Papa 1, ua hāʻawi nui ia i ka hoʻomohala ʻana i ka kamaʻilio terahertz. Eia nō naʻe, ʻo ka hana noiʻi o kēia manawa he mau hemahema o ke alapine hana haʻahaʻa, ka nui a me ke kumukūʻai kiʻekiʻe.
ʻO ka hapa nui o nā antenna terahertz i hoʻohana ʻia i kēia manawa ua hoʻololi ʻia mai nā antenna hawewe millimeter, a ʻaʻohe mea hou i nā antenna terahertz. No laila, i mea e hoʻomaikaʻi ai i ka hana o nā ʻōnaehana kamaʻilio terahertz, he hana koʻikoʻi ka hoʻonui ʻana i nā antenna terahertz. Hōʻike ka papa 2 i ka holomua noiʻi o ke kamaʻilio THz Kelemania. Hōʻike ka Kiʻi 3 (a) i kahi ʻōnaehana kamaʻilio uea ʻole THz e hui pū ana i nā photonics a me nā uila. Hōʻike ke kiʻi 3 (b) i ke kiʻi hoʻāʻo ʻana o ka tunnel makani. Ke hoʻoholo nei i ke kūlana noiʻi o kēia manawa ma Kelemānia, ʻo kāna noiʻi a me ka hoʻomohala ʻana he mau hemahema e like me ka haʻahaʻa haʻahaʻa o ka hana, ke kumu kūʻai kiʻekiʻe a me ka haʻahaʻa haʻahaʻa.
Papa 2 Ka holomua noiʻi o ke kamaʻilio THz ma Kelemānia
Kiʻi 3 Hōʻike hōʻike hoʻāʻo ʻana i ka makani
Ua hoʻomaka pū ka CSIRO ICT Center i ka noiʻi ʻana i nā ʻōnaehana kamaʻilio uea i loko o THz. Ua aʻo ke kikowaena i ka pilina ma waena o ka makahiki a me ke alapine o ke kamaʻilio ʻana, e like me ia i hōʻike ʻia ma ka Figure 4. E like me ka mea i ʻike ʻia mai ka Figure 4, ma 2020, huli ka noiʻi ʻana i nā kamaʻilio uea i ka band THz. Hoʻonui ka nui o ke alapine kamaʻilio e hoʻohana ana i ka lekiō ma kahi o ʻumi manawa i kēlā me kēia iwakālua makahiki. Ua hana ke kikowaena i nā ʻōlelo aʻoaʻo e pili ana i nā koi no nā antenna THz a me nā antenna kuʻuna e like me nā pū a me nā lens no nā ʻōnaehana kamaʻilio THz. E like me ka mea i hōʻike ʻia ma ke Kiʻi 5, hana ʻelua antenna kiwi ma 0.84THz a me 1.7THz pakahi, me kahi hoʻolālā maʻalahi a me ka hana ʻana o ke kukui Gaussian maikaʻi.
Kiʻi 4 Ka pilina ma waena o ka makahiki a me ka pinepine
RM-BDHA818-20A
RM-DCPHA105145-20
Kiʻi 5 ʻElua ʻano o nā antenna kiwi
Ua hana ʻo ʻAmelika i ka noiʻi nui e pili ana i ka hoʻokuʻu ʻana a me ka ʻike ʻana i nā nalu terahertz. ʻO nā hale hana noiʻi terahertz kaulana ka Jet Propulsion Laboratory (JPL), ka Stanford Linear Accelerator Center (SLAC), ka US National Laboratory (LLNL), ka National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA), ka National Science Foundation (NSF), etc. Ua hoʻolālā ʻia nā antenna terahertz hou no nā noi terahertz, e like me nā antenna bowtie a me nā antenna hoʻokele beam frequency. Wahi a ka hoʻomohala ʻana o nā antenna terahertz, hiki iā mākou ke loaʻa i ʻekolu manaʻo hoʻolālā kumu no nā antenna terahertz i kēia manawa, e like me ka hōʻike ʻana ma ke Kiʻi 6.
Kiʻi 6 ʻEkolu manaʻo hoʻolālā kumu no nā antenna terahertz
Hōʻike ka hōʻike ʻana ma luna aʻe ʻoiai he nui nā ʻāina i nānā nui i nā antenna terahertz, aia nō ia i ka ʻimi mua a me ka hoʻomohala ʻana. Ma muli o ka nalo hoʻolaha kiʻekiʻe a me ka absorption molecular, ua kaupalena ʻia nā antenna THz e ka mamao o ka lawe ʻana a me ka uhi. Ke nānā aku nei kekahi mau haʻawina i nā alapine hana haʻahaʻa ma ka band THz. ʻO ka noiʻi antenna terahertz e kū nei e kālele nui ana i ka hoʻomaikaʻi ʻana i ka loaʻa ma o ka hoʻohana ʻana i nā antenna lens dielectric, etc., a me ka hoʻomaikaʻi ʻana i ka pono kamaʻilio me ka hoʻohana ʻana i nā algorithm kūpono. Eia kekahi, pehea e hoʻomaikaʻi ai i ka pono o ka terahertz antenna packaging he mea koʻikoʻi loa ia.
Nā antenna THz maʻamau
Nui nā ʻano o nā antenna THz i loaʻa: nā antenna dipole me nā lua conical, nā kihi reflector arrays, bowtie dipoles, dielectric lens planar antennas, photoconductive antennas no ka hoʻokumu ʻana i nā kumu hoʻoheheʻe kumu THz, nā antenna horn, nā antenna THz e pili ana i nā mea graphene, etc. nā mea i hoʻohana ʻia e hana i nā antenna THz, hiki ke hoʻokaʻawale ʻia i nā antenna metala (ka nui o nā antenna horn), nā antenna dielectric (lens antennas), a me nā antenna mea hou. Hāʻawi mua kēia ʻāpana i kahi loiloi mua o kēia mau antenna, a laila ma ka ʻāpana aʻe, ʻelima mau antenna THz maʻamau i hoʻokomo ʻia i nā kikoʻī a nānā ʻia i ka hohonu.
1. Metala antennas
ʻO ka antenna horn he antenna metala maʻamau i hoʻolālā ʻia e hana i ka hui THz. ʻO ka antenna o ka mea hoʻopaʻa nalu millimeter maʻamau, he pū kani conical. ʻO nā antenna corrugated a ʻelua-mode he nui nā pōmaikaʻi, me ka rotationally symmetric radiation patterns, kiʻekiʻe loaʻa o 20 a 30 dBi a me ka pae haʻahaʻa cross-polarization o -30 dB, a me ka hoʻopili ʻana i ka pono o 97% a 98%. ʻO nā bandwidths i loaʻa o nā antenna horn ʻelua he 30% -40% a me 6% -8%, kēlā me kēia.
No ka mea he kiʻekiʻe loa ke alapine o nā hawewe terahertz, he liʻiliʻi loa ka nui o ka antenna horn, ka mea e paʻakikī loa ai ka hana ʻana o ka pū, ʻoi aku hoʻi i ka hoʻolālā ʻana o nā antenna arrays, a ʻo ka paʻakikī o ka ʻenehana hana e alakaʻi i ke kumukūʻai kiʻekiʻe. hana kaupalena. Ma muli o ka paʻakikī o ka hana ʻana i ka lalo o ka hoʻolālā horn paʻakikī, hoʻohana pinepine ʻia kahi antenna horn maʻalahi i ke ʻano o ka conical a conical horn, hiki ke hōʻemi i ke kumukūʻai a me ka paʻakikī o ka hana, a hiki ke mālama ʻia ka hana radiation o ka antenna. pono.
ʻO kekahi antenna metala he antenna hawewe kaʻahele kaʻahele, aia i loko o kahi antenna nalu huakaʻi i hoʻohui ʻia ma kahi kiʻiʻoniʻoni dielectric 1.2 micron a hoʻokuʻu ʻia i loko o kahi lua longitudinal i kālai ʻia ma kahi wafer silicon, e like me ka hōʻike ʻana ma ke Kiʻi 7. ʻO kēia antenna he hale hāmama kūpono me Schottky diodes. Ma muli o kona ʻano maʻalahi a me nā koi haʻahaʻa haʻahaʻa, hiki ke hoʻohana maʻamau i nā kaha alapine ma luna o 0.6 THz. Eia nō naʻe, kiʻekiʻe ka pae sidelobe a me ka pae cross-polarization o ka antenna, ma muli paha o kona ʻano hāmama. No laila, ʻoi aku ka haʻahaʻa o kāna hoʻohui ʻana (ma kahi o 50%).
Kiʻi 7 Antenna pyramidal nalu hele
2. Antenna dielectric
ʻO ka antenna dielectric kahi hui o kahi substrate dielectric a me kahi radiator antenna. Ma o ka hoʻolālā kūpono, hiki i ka antenna dielectric ke hoʻokō i ka hoʻohālikelike impedance me ka mea ʻike, a loaʻa iā ia nā pōmaikaʻi o ke kaʻina hana maʻalahi, hoʻohui maʻalahi, a me ke kumu kūʻai haʻahaʻa. I kēia mau makahiki i hala iho nei, ua hoʻolālā ka poʻe noiʻi i kekahi mau antenna ʻaoʻao-ahi ʻaoʻao haʻahaʻa haʻahaʻa haʻahaʻa impedance o terahertz dielectric antennas: butterfly antenna, pālua U-like antenna, log-periodic antenna, a me log-periodic sinusoidal antenna. hōʻike ʻia ma ka Figure 8. Eia kekahi, hiki ke hoʻolālā ʻia nā geometries antenna paʻakikī ma o nā genetic algorithms.
Kiʻi 8 ʻEhā ʻano o nā antenna planar
Eia nō naʻe, ʻoiai ua hui pū ʻia ka antenna dielectric me kahi substrate dielectric, e loaʻa ana kahi hopena nalu i ka wā e hele ai ke alapine i ka band THz. ʻO kēia pōʻino make e lilo ai ka antenna i ka nui o ka ikehu i ka wā o ka hana a alakaʻi i kahi hōʻemi nui o ka pono o ka radiation antenna. E like me ka mea i hōʻike ʻia ma ke Kiʻi 9, i ka wā i ʻoi aku ka nui o ka angle radiation antenna ma mua o ka ʻoki ʻoki, hoʻopaʻa ʻia kona ikehu i ka substrate dielectric a hui pū ʻia me ke ʻano substrate.
Kiʻi 9 Antenna ka hopena nalu
Ke piʻi aʻe ka mānoanoa o ka substrate, piʻi ka helu o nā ʻano hana kiʻekiʻe, a piʻi ka hui ʻana ma waena o ka antenna a me ka substrate, e hopena i ka nalowale o ka ikehu. I mea e hoʻonāwaliwali ai i ka hopena o ka nalu o luna, aia ʻekolu mau papa hana hoʻolālā:
1) Hoʻouka i kahi lens ma ka antenna e hoʻonui i ka loaʻa ma ka hoʻohana ʻana i nā hiʻohiʻona beamforming o nā hawewe electromagnetic.
2) E hoʻemi i ka mānoanoa o ka substrate e hoʻopau i ka hana o nā ʻano kiʻekiʻe o nā hawewe electromagnetic.
3) E hoʻololi i ka mea dielectric substrate me kahi ʻāpana uila electromagnetic (EBG). Hiki i nā hiʻohiʻona kānana spatial o EBG ke kāohi i nā ʻano hana kiʻekiʻe.
3. Nā antenna mea hou
Ma kahi o nā antenna ʻelua i luna, aia kekahi antenna terahertz i hana ʻia i nā mea hou. No ka laʻana, ma 2006, Jin Hao et al. manaʻo ʻia kahi antenna dipole carbon nanotube. E like me ka mea i hōʻike ʻia ma ke Kiʻi 10 (a), hana ʻia ka dipole me nā nanotubes kalapona ma kahi o nā mea metala. Ua aʻo maikaʻi ʻo ia i nā waiwai infrared a me ka optical o ka antenna nanotube dipole carbon a ua kūkākūkā i nā hiʻohiʻona maʻamau o ka antenna carbon nanotube dipole finite-lōʻihi, e like me ka impedance hoʻokomo, ka hāʻawi ʻana i kēia manawa, ka loaʻa, ka pono a me ke ʻano o ka radiation. Hōʻike ka Figure 10 (b) i ka pilina ma waena o ka impedance hoʻokomo a me ke alapine o ka antenna dipole carbon nanotube. E like me ka mea i ʻike ʻia ma ke Kiʻi 10(b), ʻo ka ʻāpana noʻonoʻo o ka impedance hoʻokomo he mau zeros ma nā alapine kiʻekiʻe. Hōʻike kēia i hiki i ka antenna ke hoʻokō i nā resonances he nui i nā alapine like ʻole. ʻIke loa, hōʻike ka antenna carbon nanotube i ka resonance i loko o kahi alapine (nā alapine THz haʻahaʻa), akā ʻaʻole hiki ke hoʻōho ma waho o kēia pae.
Kiʻi 10 (a) Carbon nanotube dipole antenna. (b) Hoʻokomo impedance-frequency curve
I ka makahiki 2012, ua hoʻolālā ʻo Samir F. Mahmoud lāua ʻo Ayed R. AlAjmi i kahi hoʻolālā antenna terahertz hou e pili ana i nā nanotubes kalapona, aia i loko o kahi pūpū o nā nanotubes kalapona i ʻōwili ʻia i ʻelua papa dielectric. ʻO ka papa dielectric i loko he papa dielectric foam, a ʻo ka papa dielectric waho he papa metamaterial. Hōʻike ʻia ke ʻano kikoʻī ma ka Figure 11. Ma o ka hoʻāʻo ʻana, ua hoʻomaikaʻi ʻia ka hana radiation o ka antenna i ka hoʻohālikelike ʻia me nā nanotubes kalapona pā hoʻokahi.
Kiʻi 11 Antenna terahertz hou ma muli o nā nanotubes kalapona
ʻO nā mea hou terahertz antennas i manaʻo ʻia ma luna nei he ʻekolu-dimensional. I mea e hoʻomaikaʻi ai i ka bandwidth o ka antenna a hana i nā antenna conformal, ua loaʻa nā antenna planar graphene i ka nānā ākea. Loaʻa i ka Graphene nā hiʻohiʻona hoʻomau hoʻomau maikaʻi a hiki ke hoʻoulu i ka plasma surface ma ka hoʻoponopono ʻana i ka volta bias. Aia ka plasma ma luna o ka pilina ma waena o nā substrates mau dielectric maikaʻi (e like me Si, SiO2, etc.) a me nā substrates mau dielectric maikaʻi ʻole (e like me nā metala makamae, graphene, etc.). Aia ka nui o nā "electron free" i nā mea hoʻokele e like me nā metala makamae a me ka graphene. Ua kapa ʻia kēia mau electrons manuahi he plasmas. Ma muli o ke kahua kūpono i loko o ka conductor, aia kēia mau plasma i kahi kūlana paʻa a ʻaʻole hoʻopilikia ʻia e ka honua o waho. Ke hoʻohui ʻia ka ikehu hawewe electromagnetic i kēia mau plasmas, e haʻalele nā plasmas mai ke kūlana kūpaʻa a haʻalulu. Ma hope o ka hoʻololi ʻana, hoʻokumu ke ʻano electromagnetic i kahi nalu magnetic transverse ma ke kikowaena. E like me ka wehewehe ʻana i ka pilina hoʻopuehu o ka plasma surface metala e ka Drude model, ʻaʻole hiki i nā metala ke hui maoli me nā hawewe electromagnetic ma kahi ākea a hoʻololi i ka ikehu. Pono e hoʻohana i nā mea ʻē aʻe e hoʻoulu ai i nā nalu plasma. Popopo koke nā nalu plasma ili ma ka ʻaoʻao like o ke kikowaena metala-substrate. Ke holo ka mea hoʻokele metala ma ka ʻaoʻao perpendicular i ka ʻili, loaʻa kahi hopena ʻili. ʻIke loa, ma muli o ka liʻiliʻi liʻiliʻi o ka antenna, aia kahi hopena ʻili i ka band frequency kiʻekiʻe, kahi e hāʻule ai ka hana antenna a hiki ʻole ke hoʻokō i nā koi o nā antenna terahertz. ʻAʻole ʻoi aku ka kiʻekiʻe o ka plasmon surface o graphene wale nō a me ka nalowale haʻahaʻa, akā kākoʻo pū nō hoʻi i ke kani uila mau. Eia kekahi, he paʻakikī ko ka graphene i ka hui terahertz. No laila, pili ka hoʻolaha ʻana o ka nalu lohi i ke ʻano plasma ma nā alapine terahertz. Hōʻike piha kēia mau hiʻohiʻona i ka hiki o ka graphene ke hoʻololi i nā mea metala ma ka hui terahertz.
Ma muli o ke ʻano polarization o nā plasmons surface graphene, hōʻike ka Helu 12 i ke ʻano hou o ka antenna strip, a ke manaʻo nei i ke ʻano hui o nā ʻano hoʻolaha o nā hawewe plasma ma ka graphene. Hāʻawi ka hoʻolālā ʻana o ka band antenna tunable i kahi ala hou e aʻo ai i nā ʻano hoʻolaha o nā mea hou terahertz antennas.
Kiʻi 12 Antenna kāʻei hou
Ma waho aʻe o ka ʻimi ʻana i nā ʻāpana antenna terahertz hou, hiki ke hoʻolālā ʻia nā antenna terahertz graphene nanopatch e like me nā papa hana e kūkulu i nā ʻōnaehana kamaʻilio antenna multi-input multi-output. Hōʻike ʻia ke ʻano o ka antenna ma ke Kiʻi 13. Ma muli o nā waiwai kūʻokoʻa o nā antenna nanopatch graphene, ʻo nā mea antenna he micron-scale ana. Hoʻopili pololei ʻia nā kiʻi graphene ʻē aʻe ma kahi papa nickel lahilahi a hoʻoili iā lākou i kekahi substrate. Ma ke koho ʻana i kahi helu kūpono o nā ʻāpana a me ka hoʻololi ʻana i ka voltage bias electrostatic, hiki ke hoʻololi maikaʻi ʻia ke kuhikuhi ʻana o ka radiation, e hana hou i ka ʻōnaehana.
Helu 13 Graphene nanopatch terahertz antenna array
ʻO ka noiʻi ʻana i nā mea hou he ala hou. Manaʻo ʻia ka hana hou ʻana o nā mea waiwai e wāwahi i nā palena o nā antenna kuʻuna a hoʻomohala i nā ʻano antenna hou, e like me nā metamaterial reconfigurable, nā mea ʻelua-dimensional (2D), a me nā mea ʻē aʻe. nā mea a me ka holomua o ka ʻenehana kaʻina hana. I kēlā me kēia hihia, pono ka hoʻomohala ʻana o nā antenna terahertz i nā mea hou, ʻenehana hoʻoponopono pololei a me nā hoʻolālā hoʻolālā noʻonoʻo e hoʻokō i ka loaʻa kiʻekiʻe, ke kumu kūʻai haʻahaʻa a me nā koi bandwidth ākea o nā antenna terahertz.
Hoʻopuka kēia i nā loina kumu o ʻekolu ʻano antenna terahertz: nā antenna metala, nā antenna dielectric a me nā antenna mea hou, a ke nānā nei i kā lākou ʻokoʻa a me nā pono a me nā hemahema.
1. Antenna metala: He maʻalahi ka geometry, maʻalahi ke hana, haʻahaʻa ke kumu kūʻai, a me nā koi haʻahaʻa no nā mea substrate. Eia nō naʻe, hoʻohana nā antenna metala i kahi ʻano mechanical e hoʻoponopono i ke kūlana o ka antenna, kahi i kūpono i nā hewa. Inā ʻaʻole pololei ka hoʻoponopono ʻana, e hoʻemi nui ʻia ka hana o ka antenna. ʻOiai he liʻiliʻi ka nui o ka antenna metala, he paʻakikī ke hui pū me kahi kaapuni planar.
2. Antenna dielectric: ʻO ka antenna dielectric he haʻahaʻa hoʻokomo impedance, maʻalahi e hoʻohālikelike me kahi mea ʻike impedance haʻahaʻa, a maʻalahi hoʻi e hoʻopili me kahi kaapuni planar. ʻO nā ʻano geometric o nā antenna dielectric e pili ana i ke ʻano pepeke, ʻelua ʻano U, ke ʻano logarithmic maʻamau a me ke ʻano sinus periodic logarithmic. Eia nō naʻe, loaʻa i nā antenna dielectric kahi kīnā make, ʻo ia hoʻi ka hopena nalu i hoʻokumu ʻia e ka substrate mānoanoa. ʻO ka hopena e hoʻouka i kahi lens a hoʻololi i ka substrate dielectric me kahi hoʻolālā EBG. Pono nā haʻina ʻelua i ka hana hou a me ka hoʻomaikaʻi mau ʻana o ka ʻenehana kaʻina hana a me nā mea waiwai, akā ʻo kā lākou hana maikaʻi loa (e like me ka omnidirectionality a me ka hoʻopau ʻana i ka nalu o luna) hiki ke hāʻawi i nā manaʻo hou no ka noiʻi ʻana i nā antenna terahertz.
3. Nā antenna mea hou: I kēia manawa, ua ʻike ʻia nā antenna dipole hou i hana ʻia me nā nanotubes kalapona a me nā hale antenna hou i hana ʻia me nā metamaterial. Hiki i nā mea hou ke lawe mai i nā holomua hana hou, akā ʻo ke kumu ka mea hou o ka ʻepekema waiwai. I kēia manawa, aia nō ka noiʻi ʻana i nā antenna hou i ka ʻimi ʻimi, a ʻaʻole lawa ka nui o nā ʻenehana koʻikoʻi.
I ka hōʻuluʻulu ʻana, hiki ke koho ʻia nā ʻano antenna terahertz e like me nā koi hoʻolālā:
1) Inā makemake ʻia ka hoʻolālā maʻalahi a me ke kumu kūʻai haʻahaʻa, hiki ke koho ʻia nā antenna metala.
2) Inā makemake ʻia ka hoʻohui kiʻekiʻe a me ka impedance hoʻokomo haʻahaʻa, hiki ke koho ʻia nā antenna dielectric.
3) Inā koi ʻia kahi holomua i ka hana, hiki ke koho ʻia nā antenna mea hou.
Hiki ke hoʻololi ʻia nā hoʻolālā ma luna e like me nā koi kikoʻī. No ka laʻana, hiki ke hoʻohui ʻia nā ʻano antenna ʻelua e loaʻa ai nā pōmaikaʻi hou aʻe, akā ʻo ke ʻano hui a me ka ʻenehana hoʻolālā e pono e hoʻokō i nā koi koʻikoʻi.
No ka ʻike hou aku e pili ana i nā antenna, e kipa:
Ka manawa hoʻouna: ʻAukake-02-2024
