He mea kamaʻilio maʻamau nā antenna i ko kākou ola. Eia nō naʻe, ʻaʻole maopopo maoli ka hapa nui o ka poʻe iā lākou, malia paha ʻike wale lākou ua hoʻohana ʻia lākou e hoʻouna a loaʻa i nā hōʻailona.
ʻO ka mea maʻamau, ʻoiai ua hoʻokumu pono ka ʻepekema Lūkini ʻo Popov i ka antenna i ka makahiki 1894, he 124 mau makahiki ka mōʻaukala o kēia hāmeʻa.
I kēia lā, inā paha no ka hana o kēlā me kēia lā a me ke ola o ka poʻe maʻamau, a i ʻole no nā kānaka ʻepekema e hana ana i ka noiʻi ʻepekema, ʻaʻole hiki iā mākou ke hana me ka ʻole o ka hāʻawi leo ʻole o nā antennas.
He aha ke ʻano o ka "uea" he antenna, a no ke aha i hoʻololi nui ai i ko mākou ola?
ʻO kaʻoiaʻiʻo, ʻo ke kumu o ka ikaika o nā antennas no ka mea he ikaika nā nalu electromagnetic. A ʻo kekahi kumu nui o ka ikaika o nā nalu electromagnetic, ʻo ia wale nō ka "mana pohihihi" hiki ke hoʻolaha me ka hilinaʻi ʻole i kekahi mea. ʻOiai i loko o kahi hakahaka, hiki iā lākou ke hele manuahi a hōʻea koke.
Kiʻikuhi o ka hoʻolaha ʻana o nā nalu electromagnetic
No ka hoʻohana piha ʻana i kēia "mana pohihihi," pono ʻoe i kahi antenna. I ka ʻōlelo maʻalahi, he "mea hoʻololi" ka antenna—hoʻololi ia i nā nalu alakaʻi e pālahalaha ana ma kahi laina hoʻoili i nā nalu electromagnetic e pālahalaha ana ma kahi ākea, a i ʻole e hana i ka hoʻololi hope.
Ka hana o kahi antenna
He aha ka nalu alakaʻi? I ka ʻōlelo maʻalahi, he nalu electromagnetic ka nalu alakaʻi e hele ana ma ke kaula. Pehea e hoʻokō ai kahi antenna i ka hoʻololi ʻana ma waena o nā nalu alakaʻi a me nā nalu spatial?
E nānā i ke kiʻi ma lalo:
Hōʻike mai ke ʻano fisika kumu iā mākou i ka wā e lawe ai nā uea like ʻelua i ke au uila, hoʻolaha ʻia nā nalu electromagnetic.
Ke kokoke loa nā uea ʻelua i kekahi i kekahi, nāwaliwali loa ka radiation (ʻaneʻane hoʻopau kekahi i kekahi i nā mana electromotive i hoʻokomo ʻia e nā au ma nā ʻaoʻao ʻē aʻe).
Ke hohola ʻia nā uea ʻelua, piʻi ka radiation (ʻo nā mana electromotive i hoʻokomo ʻia e nā au ma ke kuhikuhi like aia pū kekahi ma ke kuhikuhi like).
Ke piʻi ka lōʻihi o ke kaula i hoʻokahi hapaha o ka nalu, hiki ke hoʻokō ʻia kahi hopena radiation ikaika!
Ma kahi o ke kahua uila, aia ke kahua makeneka; ma kahi o ke kahua makeneka, aia ke kahua uila. Ke hoʻomau nei kēia pōʻaiapuni, e hopena ana i nā kahua electromagnetic a me nā nalu electromagnetic.
Ua hōʻike ʻia ke kiʻikuhi ma lalo nei:
ʻO ka loli ʻana i ke kuhikuhi o ke kahe o ke au i loko o ka uea e hoʻoulu ai i kahi kahua uila e loli ana.
ʻO nā uea pololei ʻelua e hana ana i ke kahua uila ua kapa ʻia he dipoles.
ʻO ka maʻamau, ua like ka lōʻihi o nā lima ʻelua, no laila ua kapa ʻia lākou he mau dipoles symmetrical.
ʻO ka dipole me ka lōʻihi e like me ka mea i hōʻike ʻia ma lalo nei ua kapa ʻia ʻo ia he dipole symmetrical hapalua-nalu.
Antenna dipole symmetric hapalua-nalu
ʻO ka hoʻohui ʻana i nā wēlau ʻelua o ke kaula e hoʻololi iā ia i loko o kahi antenna dipole pelu symmetrical hapalua-nalu.
Antenna dipole pelu symmetrical hapalua-nalu
ʻO ka antenna dipole symmetrical ka antenna maʻamau loa a hoʻohana nui ʻia. I ka pololei, ʻaʻole kahi mea hoʻomālamalama he antenna piha. ʻO ka mea hoʻomālamalama ka ʻāpana koʻikoʻi o kahi antenna, a ʻokoʻa kona ʻano ma muli o ka hoʻolālā o ka antenna. A he nui nā ʻano antenna like ʻole ... he nui ...
Ma ka puke aʻe, e hāʻawi mākou i kahi hoʻolauna kikoʻī hou aku i nā ʻano antenna like ʻole a me ko lākou mau ʻano.
No ka ʻike hou aku e pili ana i nā antennas, e kipa i ka pūnaewele:
Ka manawa hoʻouna: Nov-28-2025
