ʻO ka laulā kūpono o kahiantenna microwavehilinaʻi ia i kona alapine (frequency band), ka loaʻa ʻana, a me ke ʻano noi. Aia ma lalo kahi wehewehe loea no nā ʻano antenna maʻamau:
1. Ka Pili ʻana o ke Alapine (Frequency Band) a me ka Paepae
- ʻAntenna E-band (60–90 GHz):
Nā loulou pōkole, kiʻekiʻe ka mana (1-3 km) no ka backhaul 5G a me nā kamaʻilio koa. Hiki i ka attenuation lewa ke piʻi i 10 dB/km ma muli o ka omo ʻana o ka oxygen. - Ka-band Antenna (26.5–40 GHz):
Hoʻokō nā kamaʻilio ukali i ka mamao o 10-50 km (ka honua a i LEO) me ka loaʻa ʻana o 40+ dBi. Hiki i ka ua mae ke hōʻemi i ka laulā ma 30%. - 2.60–3.95 GHzAntenna Pepeiao:
Ka uhi ʻana i ka mamao waena (5–20 km) no ka radar a me ka IoT, e kaulike ana i ka komo ʻana a me ka wikiwiki o ka ʻikepili.
2. ʻAno Antenna a me ka Hana
| ʻAntenna | Loaʻa maʻamau | Pae Loa | Hoʻohana Hihia |
|---|---|---|---|
| ʻAntenna Biconical | 2–6 dBi | <1 km (hoʻāʻo EMC) | Nā hōʻailona pōkole |
| Pepeiao Loaʻa Maʻamau | 12–20 dBi | 3–10 km | Ka hoʻoponopono/ana |
| Pūʻulu Microstrip | 15–25 dBi | 5–50 km | Nā kikowaena kahua 5G/Satcom |
3. Nā Kumu o ka Helu ʻana o ka Paepae
ʻO ka laulā kuhi o ka hoʻohālikelike hoʻoili Friis (*d*):
d = (λ/4π) × √(P_t × G_t × G_r / P_r)
Ma hea:
P_t = Mana hoʻouna (e laʻa, radar 10W)
G_t, G_r = Nā loaʻa antenna Tx/Rx (e laʻa, 20 dBi pepeiaohao)
P_r = ʻIkepili o ka mea loaʻa (e laʻa, –90 dBm)
Manaʻo Kūpono: No nā loulou ukali Ka-band, e hoʻopili i kahi pepeiaohao kiʻekiʻe (30+ dBi) me nā mea hoʻonui walaʻau haʻahaʻa (NF <1 dB).
4. Nā Palena Kaiapuni
Ka Hoʻēmi ʻana o ka Ua: E emi ana nā hōʻailona Ka-band ma 3–10 dB/km i ka ua nui.
Ka Hohola Kukui: ʻO kahi ʻāpana microstrip 25 dBi ma 30 GHz he 2.3° ka laulā kukui - kūpono no nā loulou kiko-a-kiko kiko pololei.
Hopena: ʻOkoʻa nā pae antenna microwave mai <1 km (nā hoʻāʻo EMC biconical) a i 50+ km (Ka-band satcom). E hoʻomaikaʻi ma ke koho ʻana i nā antenna E-/Ka-band no ka throughput a i ʻole nā pepeiaohao 2-4 GHz no ka hilinaʻi.
No ka ʻike hou aku e pili ana i nā antennas, e kipa i ka pūnaewele:
Ka manawa hoʻouna: Aug-08-2025
