ʻO ka laulā kūpono o aantenna microwavee pili ana i kona kaha alapine (frequency band), loaʻa, a me ka hoʻohana ʻana. Aia ma lalo iho kahi hoʻokaʻawale ʻenehana no nā ʻano antenna maʻamau:
1. Hoʻoponopono ʻana i ka Band & Range
- Antenna E-band (60–90 GHz):
Nā loulou pōkole, hiki ke kiʻekiʻe (1–3 km) no 5G backhaul a me nā hui pūʻali koa. Hiki i ka attenuation lewa i ka 10 dB/km ma muli o ka lawe ʻana o ka oxygen. - Ka-band Antenna (26.5–40 GHz):
Loaʻa ka comms satellite i 10–50 km (ground-to-LEO) me ka loaʻa ʻana o 40+ dBi. Hiki i ka ua e hoʻemi i ka laulā ma 30%. - 2.60–3.95 GHzAntenna Horn:
ʻO ka uhi waena waena (5–20 km) no ka radar a me IoT, ke kaulike ʻana i ke komo ʻana a me ka helu ʻikepili.
2. ʻAno Antenna & Hana
| Antenna | Loaʻa maʻamau | Kiʻekiʻe | Hoʻohana i ka hihia |
|---|---|---|---|
| Antenna Biconical | 2–6 dBi | <1 km (hoʻāʻo EMC) | Nā diagnostics pōkole |
| Kiwi Loaʻa maʻamau | 12–20 dBi | 3–10 km | Kalibration/ana ana |
| Microstrip Array | 15–25 dBi | 5–50 km | 5G kahua kahua/Satcom |
3. Nā Kuleana Helu Kaulana
ʻO ka laulima koho hoʻohālikelike Friis transmission (*d*):
d = (λ/4π) × √(P_t × G_t × G_r / P_r)
Ma hea:
P_t = mana hoʻouna (e laʻa, 10W radar)
G_t, G_r = Tx/Rx antenna loaʻa (e laʻa, 20 dBi pu)
P_r = ʻO ka ʻike o ka mea hoʻokipa (e laʻa, –90 dBm)
Manaʻo kōkua: No nā loulou ukali ʻo Ka-band, e hoʻopaʻa i kahi pu kiʻekiʻe (30+ dBi) me nā mea hoʻonui haʻahaʻa haʻahaʻa (NF <1 dB).
4. Nā palena kaiapuni
Hoʻohaʻahaʻa i ka ua: Nalo nā hōʻailona Ka-band i 3–10 dB/km i ka ua nui.
Hoʻolaha ʻia ka Beam: He 25 dBi microstrip array ma 30 GHz he 2.3° beamwidth – kūpono no nā loulou kiko-i-point.
Ka hopena: ʻokoʻa nā pae antenna Microwave mai <1 km (nā hoʻokolohua biconical EMC) a i 50+ km (Ka-band satcom). E hoʻomaikaʻi ma ke koho ʻana i nā antenna E-/Ka-band no ka throughput a i ʻole 2-4 GHz horns no ka hilinaʻi.
No ka ʻike hou aku e pili ana i nā antenna, e kipa:
Ka manawa hoʻouna: ʻAukake-08-2025
