ʻOki ʻia a kulou ʻia kahi antenna dipole e hoʻokō i ka radiation kūpono. ʻO ka lōʻihi holoʻokoʻa o ke kaula i hoʻohana ʻia ma ke ʻano he dipole ua like ia me ka hapalua o ka nalu (ʻo ia hoʻi, l=λ/2). Ua kapa ʻia kēia ʻano antenna he antenna dipole hapalua nalu. Ma muli o kona mau pono, ʻo ia ka antenna i hoʻohana nui ʻia, a ua ʻike ʻia hoʻi ʻo ia ʻo ka antenna Hertz.
Pae alapine (frequency)
Hana ka antenna dipole hapalua nalu ma luna o kahi alapine (frequency) o kahi o 3 kHz a i 300 GHz, a hoʻohana nui ʻia i nā mea hoʻokipa lekiō.
ʻAno a me ke Kumumanaʻo Hana o kahi Dipole Hapa-Nalu
He antenna dipole maʻamau ia nona ka alapine hana e like me ka hapalua o ka nalu; no laila, ua kapa ʻia ʻo ia he antenna dipole hapalua-nalu.
Loaʻa i nā wēlau o ka dipole ka voltage kiʻekiʻe loa, ʻo ia hoʻi ke au uila (AC). Ma ka piko maikaʻi o ka voltage, neʻe nā electrons i hoʻokahi ʻaoʻao, ʻoiai ma ka piko maikaʻi ʻole, neʻe lākou i ka ʻaoʻao ʻē aʻe. Hiki ke wehewehe ʻia kēia me ke kōkua o ke kiʻi ma lalo nei.
Hōʻike ke kiʻi ma luna i ke kumumanaʻo hana o kahi dipole hapalua nalu.
Hōʻike ka Kiʻi 1 i ka dipole i kona wā i loko o ka hapalua pōʻaiapuni maikaʻi o ke volta i hoʻokomo ʻia. I kēia manawa, neʻe pinepine nā electrons i ka hoʻopiʻi maikaʻi.
Hōʻike ka Kiʻi 2 i ka dipole ma ka hapalua pōʻaiapuni maikaʻi ʻole o ke voltage i hoʻokomo ʻia. Maanei, neʻe pinepine nā electrons mai ka dipole.
Hōʻike ka Kiʻi 3 i ka dipole i ka hapalua pōʻaiapuni maikaʻi aʻe. I kēia manawa, neʻe hou nā electrons i ka hoʻopiʻi.
Hoʻopuka kēia hopena hōʻuluʻulu i kahi kahua electromagnetic like ʻole, kahi e hoʻolaha i waho ma ke ʻano like me ka mea i hana ʻia ma ka dipole ponoʻī. No laila, ʻo ka hopena o ka antenna he radiation kūpono e hahai ana i ke ʻano periodic o ka voltage output. Ma kēia ʻano, loaʻa i ka dipole hapalua nalu ka radiation kūpono.
Hōʻike ke kiʻi ma luna i ka hoʻolaha ʻana o ke au i loko o kahi dipole hapalua nalu. ʻO ka loaʻa o kahi dipole hapalua nalu he 2.15 dBi, he mea maikaʻi loa ia. Maanei, ʻo ka leka "i" e pili ana i kahi radiator isotropic.
ʻAno radiation
ʻO ke ʻano hoʻolaha o kēia antenna dipole hapalua nalu he omnidirectional ia i loko o ka H-plane, e kūpono ana no nā ʻano hana like ʻole e like me ke kamaʻilio kelepona a me ka hoʻokipa lekiō.
Hōʻike ke kiʻi ma luna i nā ʻano hoʻoheheʻe ʻia o kahi dipole hapalua nalu ma ka mokulele H a me ka mokulele V.
No kahi dipole me ka lōʻihi o ka hapalua o ka nalu (ʻo ia hoʻi, ka lōʻihi resonant mua), ʻaʻole pili kona radius i ka impedance input. Hana maikaʻi loa ka antenna ma kona alapine resonant, kahi e kū nei ma kona lōʻihi resonant.
No ka ʻike hou aku e pili ana i nā antennas, e kipa i ka pūnaewele:
Ka manawa hoʻouna: Iune-05-2026
