ʻO ke kuhikuhi ʻana kahi ʻāpana antenna kumu.He ana kēia o ke ʻano o ke ʻano radiation o kahi antenna kuhikuhi.ʻO kahi antenna e hoʻomālamalama like ana ma nā ʻaoʻao āpau e loaʻa i kahi kuhikuhi like me 1. (Ua like kēia me ka zero decibels -0 dB).
Hiki ke kākau ʻia ka hana o nā koordinat spherical ma ke ʻano he ʻano radiation maʻamau:
[Equation 1]
He ʻano like ke ʻano o ke ʻano hoʻoheheʻe ʻana maʻamau me ke ʻano hoʻohālike kumu.Ho'emi 'ia ke kumu ho'ohehe'e ma'amau e ka nui e like me ka 1. 'O ka nui loa o ka hoohalike [1] o "F").Ma ka makemakika, ua kākau ʻia ke kumu no ka kuhikuhi (type "D") penei:
Ua like paha kēia me ka hoʻohālikelike kuhikuhi paʻakikī.Eia nō naʻe, ʻoi aku ka nui o ka waiwai o nā ʻōnaehana radiation o nā molekala.Hōʻike ka denominator i ka mana maʻamau i hoʻomālamalama ʻia ma nā ʻaoʻao āpau.A laila, ʻo ka hoohalike he ana o ka mana radiated peak i puunaueia e ka awelika.Hāʻawi kēia i ka kuhikuhi antenna.
Kūlana kuhikuhi
E like me ka laʻana, e noʻonoʻo i nā hoʻohālikelike ʻelua e hiki mai ana no ke ʻano radiation o ʻelua antenna.
Antenna 1
Antenna 2
Hoʻolālā ʻia kēia mau hiʻohiʻona radiation ma ke Kiʻi 1. E ʻoluʻolu e hoʻomaopopo ʻo ke ʻano hoʻoheheʻe ʻana he hana wale nō ia o ka polar angle theta(θ) ʻAʻole he hana o ka azimuth ke ʻano hoʻolalelale.(ʻAʻole hoʻololi ʻia ke ʻano o ka radiation azimuthal).ʻOi aku ka liʻiliʻi o ke ʻano radiation o ka antenna mua, a laila ke ʻano o ka radiation o ka antenna ʻelua.No laila, manaʻo mākou e haʻahaʻa ke kuhikuhi no ka antenna mua.
kiʻi 1. Ke kiʻi hoʻohālikelike o ka antenna.Loaʻa i ke kuhikuhi kiʻekiʻe?
Me ka hoʻohana ʻana i ka formula [1], hiki iā mākou ke helu i ka ʻoi aku o ke kuhikuhi kiʻekiʻe o ka antenna.No ka nānā ʻana i kou ʻike, e noʻonoʻo e pili ana i ka Figure 1 a me ke ʻano o ke kuhikuhi.A laila e hoʻoholo i ka antenna i ʻoi aku ka kiʻekiʻe o ke kuhikuhi me ka hoʻohana ʻole ʻana i ka makemakika.
Nā hualoaʻa helu kuhikuhi, hoʻohana i ke ʻano [1]:
Antenna kuhikuhi 1 helu, 1.273 (1.05 dB).
Antenna kuhikuhi 2 helu, 2.707 (4.32 dB).
ʻO ka hoʻonui ʻia ʻana o ke kuhikuhi ʻana, ʻo ia ka mea i ʻoi aku ka nānā ʻana a i ʻole nā antenna kuhikuhi.ʻO kēia ke ʻano he 2-loaʻa antenna he 2.707 mau manawa i ka mana kuhikuhi o kona kiʻekiʻe ma mua o kahi antenna omnidirectional.Loaʻa ka Antenna 1 i 1.273 mau manawa i ka mana o kahi antenna omnidirectional.Hoʻohana ʻia nā antenna Omnidirectional ma ke ʻano he kuhikuhi maʻamau ʻoiai ʻaʻohe antenna isotropic.
Pono nā antenna kelepona i kahi kuhikuhi haʻahaʻa no ka mea hiki ke hele mai nā hōʻailona mai kēlā me kēia ʻaoʻao.ʻO ka ʻokoʻa, loaʻa i nā kīʻaha satellite ke kuhikuhi kiʻekiʻe.Loaʻa i kahi kīʻaha satellite nā hōʻailona mai kahi kuhikuhi paʻa.ʻO kahi laʻana, inā loaʻa iā ʻoe kahi kīʻaha TV satellite, e haʻi ka hui iā ʻoe i kahi e kuhikuhi ai a loaʻa i ka ipu ka hōʻailona makemake.
E hoʻopau mākou me kahi papa inoa o nā ʻano antenna a me kā lākou kuhikuhi.Hāʻawi kēia iā ʻoe i ka manaʻo o ke ʻano o ke kuhikuhi ʻana i maʻamau.
ʻAno Antenna Ka kuhikuhi maʻamau ʻO ke kuhikuhi maʻamau [decibel] (dB)
Antenna dipole pōkole 1.5 1.76
Antenna dipole hapa hawewe 1.64 2.15
Patch (antenna microstrip) 3.2-6.3 5-8
Antenna kiwi 10-100 10-20
Antenna kīʻaha 10-10,000 10-40
E like me ka ʻikepili ma luna e hōʻike ana i ka antenna directivity ʻokoʻa loa.No laila, he mea nui e hoʻomaopopo i ke kuhikuhi ʻana i ke koho ʻana i ka antenna maikaʻi loa no kāu noi kikoʻī.Inā pono ʻoe e hoʻouna a loaʻa paha ka ikehu mai nā ʻaoʻao he nui i ka ʻaoʻao hoʻokahi a laila pono ʻoe e hoʻolālā i kahi antenna me ke kuhikuhi haʻahaʻa.ʻO nā laʻana o nā noi no nā antenna haʻahaʻa haʻahaʻa e pili ana i nā lekiō kaʻa, kelepona paʻa, a me ka loaʻa ʻana o ka pūnaewele uea ʻole.ʻO ka mea ʻē aʻe, inā ʻoe e hana ana i ka ʻike mamao a i ʻole ka hoʻololi ʻana i ka mana, a laila e koi ʻia kahi antenna kuhikuhi nui.ʻO nā antenna kuhikuhi kiʻekiʻe e hoʻonui i ka hoʻololi ʻana o ka mana mai ke ala i makemake ʻia a hōʻemi i nā hōʻailona mai nā kuhikuhi makemake ʻole.
Inā makemake mākou i kahi antenna kuhikuhi haʻahaʻa.Pehea mākou e hana ai i kēia?
ʻO ke kānāwai maʻamau o ka manaʻo antenna, pono ʻoe i kahi antenna liʻiliʻi e hana i ka kuhikuhi haʻahaʻa.ʻO ia hoʻi, inā ʻoe e hoʻohana i kahi antenna me ka nui o 0.25 - 0.5 ka lōʻihi o ka nalu, a laila e hōʻemi ʻoe i ka kuhikuhi.ʻO nā antenna dipole hapa hawewe a i ʻole nā antenna slot haʻahaʻa haʻahaʻa haʻahaʻa ma lalo o 3 dB kuhikuhi.He haʻahaʻa kēia e like me kahi kuhikuhi i hiki iā ʻoe ke hoʻomaʻamaʻa.
ʻO ka hope loa, ʻaʻole hiki iā mākou ke hana i nā antenna i ʻoi aku ka liʻiliʻi ma mua o ka hawewe nalu me ka ʻole e hōʻemi i ka pono o ka antenna a me ka bandwidth o ka antenna.E kūkākūkā ʻia ka pono antenna a me ka bandwidth antenna i nā mokuna e hiki mai ana.
No ka antenna me ke kuhikuhi kiʻekiʻe, pono mākou i nā antenna o nā nui o ka nalu.E like me ka satellite dish antennas a me horn antennas he alakaʻi kiʻekiʻe.ʻO kekahi hapa kēia no ka nui o nā nalu nalu ka lōʻihi.
No ke aha ia?ʻO ka hope loa, pili ke kumu i nā waiwai o ka hoʻololi Fourier.Ke lawe ʻoe i ka hoʻololi Fourier o kahi pulse pōkole, loaʻa iā ʻoe kahi kikoʻī ākea.ʻAʻole kēia hoʻohālikelike i ka hoʻoholo ʻana i ke ʻano radiation o kahi antenna.Hiki ke noʻonoʻo ʻia ke ʻano radiation e like me ka hoʻololi ʻana o Fourier o ka hāʻawi ʻana i kēia manawa a i ʻole ka volta ma ka antenna.No laila, loaʻa i nā antenna liʻiliʻi nā hiʻohiʻona ākea ākea (a me ka kuhikuhi haʻahaʻa).ʻO nā Antennas me ka volta like ʻole nui a i ʻole ka hāʻawi ʻana i kēia manawa Nā kumu kuhikuhi loa (a me ke kuhikuhi kiʻekiʻe).
E-mail:info@rf-miso.com
Kelepona: 0086-028-82695327
Paena pūnaewele: www.rf-miso.com
Ka manawa hoʻouna: Nov-07-2023
